hose associated with the protection of labor interests such as unions and guilds--to the restructuring process. The second is the failure or lack of viability of the alternative social models that were being advanced by these groups at the ideological level in a process that culminated in the crisis in the East in the late 1980s and early 1990s. But these constraints in themselves helped to set the stage for the appearance of other actors, for a shift in their scene of struggle, and for the in