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critique arguments



             re: Critique Arguments

             If we believe that our advocacy  is  real and has consequences
          then I  would like to   think   that it  would   be possible   to
          raise  issues   regarding   the  actual  language and    advocacy
          practices  of  debaters in the  debate forum.   It should also be
          possible  to  say that   these issues   should be  handled  on  a
          different  plane then  the hypothetical   claims  surrounding the
          implied action  of a debate resolution.
             First,  it  seems  worth noting that  the term   "critique" is
          vague enough  that it may  cover a huge  array  of  arguments and
          that the  type I am   defending might be very  different from the
          type you  are indicting.  Second, I  think there  is   a  serious
          equivocation  being made  here   regarding two argument  levels.
          For example  (only an example)   most  people would say   that  a
          charge    of evidence  falsification  is a  legitimate   argument
          (provided it can be substantiated).   Most would also  agree that
          this  is  an   argument dramtically  different  in kind  than the
          Bosnian war that the falsifying  side is advocating.
             No one  would  accept the claim that "well,  we lie  about the
          evidence -  but the  impact of   that  lie is   so small   it  is
          massively  outweighed  by  thermonuclear  war."  Obviously  there
          are  two   dramatically different  levels of  argument   that are
          being inappropriately  meshed   together with  the   result of  a
          senseless comparison.
             One level, I will  call  the question of legitimacy  - perhaps
          analogous in  court to the   issue of  standing or   jurisdiction
          (but having  a  more normative  bent): should we   be having this
          debate?   Is this  what we should be  debating about?
             The other level,   I would call   the resolutional question:
          is  the    resolution  true    or false.        Getting  to   the
          resolutional  question   means   that  we   have  presupposed the
          legitimacy question - and usually we do presuppose it.  Yes, we
          should  be debating it,  that is why we  came to the  round.  The
          falsification debate  sketched above is  an  example of a  denial
          of  legitimacy:  "no we should not proceed, because  one side has
          violated   a  fundamental   operating  assumption   -  trust   in
          evidence."   The reason   why the weighing  is   inappropriate is
          because   the  falsifiers   are  using   questions  relevant   to
          resolutional truth  (or falsity),  the  Bosnian   war, to  answer
          questions  of  legitimacy.  This  begs the  question. They  don't
          apply     because  arguments    regarding   resolutional    truth
          presupposes  that we've  affirmatively  answered  the  legitimacy
          question.
             Now,   it  seems  logical   that there   would be   degrees of
          legitimacy   -  maybe falsifying evidence is the  absolute denial
          of  legitimacy, maybe  using  racist or  sexist language  against
          someone   is as bad or  worse (Jeremy is  right  this is a matter







          for argument) but at this level, this  type of  critique (in this
          case  a non-resolutional  critique) differs  in impact from   the
          falsification claim, but not really in form.
             In  addition,  it may be   possible to  say that considerating
          resolution  itself  causes    oppression  (it  sucks  us     into
          militaristic  thinking,    it  reifies  sexist  categories,    it
          destroys culture - also   matters of argument and  evidence) such
          that the legitimacy of a discussion surrounding the truth of that
          resolution  is  destroyed.     Lets  say    a   resolution  said,
          "resolved   that bitches    should   be President"  [I  use   the
          oppressive  term in order  to critique  it] it would  be possible
          to 'prove'  it saying  "bitches" is   slang for  women and   yes,
          women should be President,  but it seems  more intuitive to   say
          that  the   oppressive  language destroys  the legitimacy  of the
          claim  and that the critique  argument is far  more relevant than
          would be  any argument  regarding   the statement's truth.  Other
          resolutional critique  arguments of course differ  in degree, but
          not in kind, from this example.
                So, in light of this, Jeremy's claims can be answered.
             He says...

          >Resolutional critiques always  appear to  me to  be disads  with
          >such poor brinks/probability that the only way they will be able
          >to outweigh case is if  they are a-priori which means  that they
          >are weighed against nothing.

             Only when viewed  through a lense that MAKES them disads.   If
          it is a  critique (and if there  is  a reason  for them being   a
          priori)  then it  is   very  different  from a  disad  because it
          answers a fundamentally different question.

             He says
          >Thus, the negative seems to get an unfair advantage because they
          >get  to have  their  impacts  weighed  in  the  round,  but  the
          >affirmative team does not.

             No, the   legitimacy question   goes both  ways.    Both sides
          should be  able to introduce   impacts relevant  to the  question
          of  legitimacy, but  neither side should mix levels.

             He says
          >The second problem  that I have with resolutional  critiques, is
          >that they are extremely arbitrary.

             Often  in  practice  I'll  bet they  are   - if  so they   are
          misnamed.      To  say  something  is     a    critique  in    my
          understanding is  to  say it  operates  at  a different level   -
          a level  that is presupposed when  we  just focus on the truth of
          the resolutional question.

             Finally, he says...

          >I believe that it would be almost impossible to convince many
          >judeges in the mid-west not to vote  on many of these critiques,







          >especially   sexist  language.   I  fear that  on  far too  many
          >arguments  premature consensus    has emerged,  which I  believe
          >stifles debate and is deangerous for this activity.

             Yes, I  agree completely, but the   direction of the premature
          consensus in the  midwest these days   does not appear  to  be in
          favor of  any style of  argument other than  that existing within
          the hypothetical  world created by affirmative's  implied policy.
          Criterial argument,  let alone pre-criterial  argument, has  been
          consensually vanquished.   I think   that  if one  were to  argue
          that  militaristic discourse   is  bad on next  semester's topic,
          the  midwestern  hallway  (if  not   the  round  itself)    would
          unfortunately label you a  wimp who is afraid  of a  "real" (read
          'dehumanizingly militaristic') debate.

                                            ---Ken Broda-Bahm, S.I.U.



Archive created by Jonathan Stanton (jonathan@cs.jhu.edu)
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